Journal of World Economy

The Significance of American Antitrust Policy in Reduction of Global Market Concentration

Revaz Lordkipanidze — 2025-10-31

In the conducted generalization about the issues for evolution of views on perfect competition and, accordingly, antitrust policy, the tendency of a significant reduction in market concentration in the world is emphasized, which is associated with the reasonable antitrust policy of the modern USA. The author, using the methodology of the laws of physics, recommends maximum observance of the atomic balance in the core of market competition and proposes optimization of a freer tax burden on corporate profits and personal income. The race for growth of quantitative indicators of competitors led to a decrease in qualitative results and significant losses from overproduction. The work analyzes and identifies the possible reasons for excessive market concentration in detailed subcategories of even the most developed market. According to the author’s conclusion, this was the reasonable antitrust policy that determined the best optimal rates of economic growth and taxes among the most promising economies.

Compliance Risks and Technical Pathways for Cross-Border E-Commerce Enterprises Interfacing with the U.S. ACE System

Wanyu Li — 2025-10-31

Against the backdrop of the global cross-border e-commerce market’s rapid expansion—with transactions projected to reach $2.5 trillion by 2025 (UNCTAD, 2023)—the U.S. Automated Commercial Environment (ACE) system, which processes over 95% of U.S. import declarations, has become a critical regulatory barrier for enterprises entering the U.S. market. This study systematically identifies four core compliance risks faced by cross-border e-commerce enterprises when interfacing with the ACE system: data timeliness risk, coding accuracy risk, traceability risk, and privacy protection risk. By integrating the technical practice of Beijing Mint Information Consulting Co., Ltd.’s “Cross-Border Trade Express” system, a three-tiered integration architecture (interface layer-data layer-application layer) is proposed, and targeted technical solutions are developed for each risk dimension. Empirical validation through 12 enterprise cases (8 successful, 4 failed) shows that: (1) The three-tiered architecture reduces data transmission latency by 83.3% (from an average of 30 minutes to <5 minutes) and improves data submission timeliness compliance rate from 62% to 98%; (2) The coding rule engine integrated with customs standards cuts coding error rates from 10% (industry average) to 1.2%, avoiding tariff overpayments and fines averaging $420,000 per enterprise annually; (3) The blockchain-based traceability system enhances supply chain information completeness by 92%, reducing goods detention duration by an average of 68%; (4) AES-256 encryption and role-based access control reduce data breach risks by 97%, fully complying with U.S. Privacy Act requirements.

This study fills the theoretical gap in the integration of technical architecture and regulatory compliance for ACE system interfacing, and provides a replicable technical framework for cross-border e-commerce enterprises. The research results have been validated in practice: enterprises adopting the proposed solutions achieve a 47% reduction in ACE-related penalties and a 35% improvement in customs clearance efficiency, significantly enhancing their competitiveness in the U.S. market.

Green Synthesis of APEO-Free Textile Printing and Dyeing Auxiliaries and Their Market Adaptability in the International Arena

Dongmei Shi — 2025-10-31

This research endeavors to develop a green synthesis process for APEO-free textile printing and dyeing auxiliaries and to analyze their market adaptability on the international stage. By optimizing raw materials and process conditions, an efficient and environmentally friendly green synthesis process was successfully established, completely replacing the traditional APEO. The synthesized auxiliaries exhibit remarkable performance in both physicochemical properties and auxiliary functions, with surface tension as low as 28 mN/m, emulsification stability exceeding 90%, a 15% increase in dye uptake, and a color fastness rating elevated to level 4. Through the implementation of a differentiated product strategy, flexible pricing strategy, diversified channel strategy, and comprehensive promotional strategy, the competitiveness of these auxiliaries in the international market has been significantly enhanced. This study not only provides technical guidance for the green synthesis of APEO-free textile printing and dyeing auxiliaries but also offers valuable references for the sustainable development of China’s textile printing and dyeing auxiliary industry.

Supply Chain Intelligent Rating System: A Study on Its Adaptability and Application in Multiple Industries

Kai Zhang — 2025-11-05

In the context of accelerating global economic integration, the complexity and significance of supply chain management have become increasingly prominent. Traditional supply chain rating methods, when confronted with dynamic market environments, exhibit numerous limitations and fail to meet enterprises’ demands for real-time risk warnings and precise management. The supply chain intelligent rating system developed in this study, leveraging big data analysis and artificial intelligence technologies, realizes real-time monitoring and intelligent assessment of supply chain risks. It has been widely applied across multiple industries, including real estate, petrochemicals, hotels, and grain and oil, significantly enhancing enterprises’ supply chain management efficiency and economic benefits. A scientific adaptability evaluation index system was constructed in this research to deeply analyze the application effects and cross-field adaptability of the system in different industries, providing strong support for its optimization and promotion. By optimizing data collection, improving the flexibility of functional modules and user experience, the system has demonstrated good adaptability and application value in various industries. In the future, this study will further expand data sources, deepen the customized development of functional modules, and explore more effective promotion models to facilitate the application and development of the supply chain intelligent rating system in more industries, thereby assisting enterprises in enhancing their competitiveness and economic benefits.

UN and WHO for Redistribution of Funds and Resources for Peaceful Activities

Evgeny Bryndin — 2025-11-05

The United Nations (UN) and the World Health Organization (WHO) advocate for the redistribution of resources and funds allocated to military needs in favor of the development of medicine, health systems, energy, a balanced economy, and green industries. Their initiatives are aimed at reducing the military burden in order to redirect military resources toward peaceful activities, combating diseases, improving medical care, and strengthening national health systems. Such measures help ensure more sustainable development, improve living standards, and reduce the risk of resource-related conflicts. These initiatives call on countries around the world to reassess priorities and more efficiently use their resources for energy systems, a balanced economy, and green industries for the benefit and health of their citizens. This requires the spiritual development of the planet’s population.

The Gig Economy and Labor Protection in China: Evidence from Food Delivery Platforms

Wei Li — 2025-11-06

The gig economy in China has experienced exponential growth, particularly within the food delivery sector, with platforms like Meituan, Ele.me, and Didi becoming dominant players in the labor market. However, this growth has also raised significant concerns about labor protection and workers’ rights. This paper explores the challenges and policy implications surrounding labor governance in China’s platform economy, focusing on the food delivery sector. It examines the economic drivers behind the expansion of gig work, including demand-side factors like urban consumption and technology adoption, as well as supply-side dynamics such as labor surplus and migration. The study highlights key labor protection challenges, such as the ambiguity of employment status, algorithmic management, wage volatility, and lack of social insurance. Through empirical analysis of data from Meituan and Ele.me, as well as case studies from major cities like Beijing, Shanghai, and Chengdu, the paper evaluates the effectiveness of legal and policy frameworks and the response of government and platforms to address these challenges. The study concludes with policy recommendations for developing a more sustainable and equitable model of platform labor governance that balances innovation with social protection.

Green Digitalization: A New Path for Sustainable Development in the Retail Industry — A Comparative Study of Chinese and American Corporate Practices

Li Li — 2025-11-06

The United Nations Environment Programme’s 2024 Emissions Gap Report warns that global greenhouse gas emissions have reached a historical peak; failing to achieve a 42% emission reduction by 2030 will jeopardize the 1.5℃ temperature control goal. As a core carbon-emitting sector accounting for 12% of global emissions, the retail industry faces an urgent need for low-carbon transformation, while digital technologies offer a proven 15–20% emission reduction potential. This study introduces the concept of “green digitalization,” defined as the application of digital tools (e.g., artificial intelligence, Internet of Things) to restructure the retail “people-goods-venue” value chain, thereby enabling quantifiable, traceable low-carbon operations. Drawing on empirical data from three self-developed systems (“Lian Tong Ying,” “Dian Xiao Tong,” “Ke Ying Tong”) and comparative analyses of green transformation paths among U.S. enterprises (including Walmart, Target, and Whole Foods), this study identifies fundamental differences between China and the U.S. in technological application, model innovation, and policy adaptation. It further proposes a U.S.-adaptation framework for China’s digital decarbonization experience, centered on the tripartite logic of “technology localization + model collaboration + standard unification.” This research contributes a dual-driven paradigm of “technological evidence + cross-national adaptation” to global retail sustainability. Empirically, it verifies that lightweight digital tools can simultaneously achieve 28% carbon reduction and 22% operational efficiency improvement, while the ecological strategies of U.S. enterprises provide critical insights for scaling emission reduction effects.

Digital Upgrading of “Post-Investment Management” in Cross-Border Equity Investment: Practices of Financial Monitoring and Strategic Empowerment for Multi-Regional Enterprises

Dujin Xu — 2025-12-04

In cross-border equity investment, traditional post-investment management faces information decay and decision-making lags due to differences in standards and geographical dispersion. Based on the quasi-natural experiment constructed by the launch of Alpha Capital’s digital platform in 2021, this paper integrates dynamic capabilities theory with the perspective of information asymmetry, proposing a three-tier digital architecture of “data—technology—application.” Using 260 cross-border investments from 2018 to 2024 as a sample, we jointly apply difference-in-differences (DID) and spatial econometric models to examine the causal effect of digital upgrading on post-investment return on investment (ROI) and its spatial spillover.

Lease-Insurance Synergy: An Empirical Study on Solving the Financing Dilemma of Distant Water Fisheries

Sheng Zhang — 2025-12-04

The global distant water fishery industry has long been trapped in a tripartite financing predicament characterized by “difficult valuation, high operational risk, and mismatched cash flow cycles,” with the penetration rate of traditional credit facilities remaining below 40%. To address this systemic challenge, this study constructs a three-dimensional coupling model of “leasing—insurance—industry,” integrating insurance institutions into the entire chain of vessel valuation, risk hedging, and cash flow alignment. Leveraging panel data from 147 Chinese fishing vessels and 2.795 billion yuan in financing projects spanning 2019–2024, this research conducts the first empirical examination of the causal effects of the lease-insurance linkage mechanism on financing costs and operational performance. The findings demonstrate that this integrated mechanism reduces the comprehensive financing interest rate by 3.2 percentage points, elevates the rent fulfillment rate by 14.3 percentage points, and suppresses the project non-performing rate to below 0.5% (Sun, Y., & Ortiz, J., 2024), with insurance coverage emerging as the most critical driver of risk mitigation. Robustness is confirmed through difference-in-differences (DID) analysis and multiple complementary tests. Further simulation results indicate that applying this framework to the Alaskan fishing fleet in the United States could lower the average financing interest rate from 8.5% to 5.3% and boost the rent fulfillment rate to over 90%. This study proposes that Chinese and American regulatory authorities streamline cross-border filing procedures, establish interoperable data-sharing interfaces, and incorporate fishery leasing into green finance subsidy schemes to facilitate the internationalization of the model. By filling the micro-evidence gap in the coupling of financial instruments for high-risk industries, this paper provides a replicable and scalable financing paradigm for the global distant water fishery sector.

Consumer Acceptance and Market Potential of Natural Organic Cosmetic Formulations in the US Market

Chunhua Zhu — 2025-12-04

In the context of the accelerated internationalization of cosmetics industry chain, there is a lack of systematic empirical evidence on whether original natural organic formulations can gain recognition from US consumers. This study, using three authorized patents (hair growth, anti-wrinkle, and oil control) as intervention variables, employs a 1,200-person random conjoint experiment, Nielsen retail panel data (2021Q1-2024Q4), and system dynamics modeling to examine the acceptance and sales potential of the “Original + Natural Index ≥ 90% + Efficacy Patents” combination in the US market for the first time. The results show that a natural index of ≥ 90% increases purchase intention by 32.4%, while patent labeling brings an 18.7% premium and reduces promotional dependence by 9.4%. The optimal attribute combination is predicted to achieve a market share of 11.2%, with patent SKU sales 26.8% higher than the control group, and a cumulative NPV@8% of $196 million. Sensory testing confirms that the patented formulations significantly reduce hair loss by 19.7% and increase scalp hydration by 15.4% within four weeks. The study proposes the Clean Beauty Adoption Ladder (C-BAL) framework, integrating “Natural Index - Patent Perception - ESG Narrative” into a unified causal chain, expanding the boundary of the Theory of Planned Behavior in the field of sustainable beauty.