Current Research in Medical Sciences

Pharmacovigilance Consider as a Leader for Drug Design

Rezk R. Ayyad, Yasser Abdel Allem Hassan, Ahmed R. Ayyad — Fri, 10 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Pharmacovigilance tell us the side effects of the drugs after introduce to the market and used by patients, hence some drugs e.g., thalidomide when used to treat the emesis in pregnant women appear the phocomelia which characterized by abnormal development of limbs where the long bones (like: humerus - femur) or either shortened or absent causing the hands and feet to be attached close to the body, this is due to isomer of thalidomide (S) which is teratogenic but the (R) is a sedative and more safe due to the pharmacovigilance of thalidomide so that the pharmacovigilance led us to use (R) isomer but not (S) isomer in medicine.

Captopril appears to cause cough in patients when used as an antihypertensive drug, due to the SH group of captopril. Hence, captopril was modified to enalapril to avoid the cough symptom that appears when using captopril.

Cimetidine is H2 antagonist, the first H2 antagonist modified from histamine to used treatment peptic ulcer, the pharmacovigilance tell us with side effects of cimetidine, the major of them decrease the blood cell counts especially WBCs (agranulocytosis), so the cimetidine modified to synthesis of famotidine which is less side effect than cimetidine.

Burnout, Job Satisfaction, and Mental Health Among Healthcare Workers in China

Xiaomei Deng — Wed, 15 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study explores the complex relationships among burnout, job satisfaction, and mental health in China’s healthcare workforce. Drawing on national reports and recent empirical studies, the research identifies structural, cultural, and organizational determinants shaping clinician well-being. Burnout remains prevalent across multiple specialties, particularly in emergency, ICU, and pediatrics, with anxiety, depression, and insomnia affecting over 40% of healthcare staff. Institutional factors—such as long working hours, limited recognition systems, and authoritarian leadership—exacerbate psychological distress, while emerging programs like Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) and peer-support initiatives demonstrate potential to mitigate its effects. Significant disparities are observed between urban and rural healthcare systems, revealing inequities in workload, professional resources, and access to mental health services. The paper proposes a sustainable multi-level framework that integrates individual resilience training, organizational reforms, and policy-driven mental health standards. Ultimately, improving clinician well-being is essential not only for staff retention but also for enhancing patient safety and healthcare quality across China.

Prevalence and Clinical Management of Type 2 Diabetes Among Urban Slum Populations in Mumbai, India

Ajay V. Borkar — Wed, 15 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study investigates the prevalence, clinical management, and structural barriers associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) among urban slum populations in Mumbai, India. Drawing on epidemiological estimates, field-level data, and policy analysis, it highlights the disproportionate burden of T2DM in informal settlements, where delayed diagnoses, limited access to diagnostics, and poor treatment adherence are widespread. The research examines patient care pathways across fragmented systems—public clinics, private providers, NGOs, and informal care networks—revealing significant gaps in service coordination and continuity. Socioeconomic constraints, medication affordability, nutrition insecurity, and over-reliance on informal pharmacies further hinder glycemic control. In response, the study evaluates community-based interventions, such as NGO-led foot clinics, mobile diabetes units, and ASHA worker outreach, while critiquing their limited integration into municipal policy frameworks. The paper concludes by proposing a multi-level, equity-centered diabetes care model grounded in primary care strengthening, digital health integration, and community empowerment. This model aims to reduce the chronic care divide for urban poor populations living at the margins of India’s healthcare system.

Research on the Domestication and Standardization of Respiratory Medical Devices for Primary Healthcare Institutions

Yinglong Jiang — Fri, 17 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study addresses the core challenges of high import dependency, poor scene adaptation, and high maintenance costs of respiratory medical devices in primary healthcare institutions in China. Through multidimensional surveys, technological development, and clinical verification, a comprehensive domestication and standardization system was established. A stratified sampling method was employed to survey 200 primary healthcare institutions across 10 provinces in eastern, central, and western China, with 1,200 valid questionnaires and 80 in-depth interviews. The study identified three-dimensional requirements in terms of environment (high-altitude pressure compensation and cold fog prevention), operation (simplified interface and voice guidance), and cost (procurement ≤ $3,000 per unit, maintenance ≤ $200 per year). Core components such as low-noise permanent magnet synchronous motors (noise 36 dB, cost reduced by 40%) and aging-resistant silicone (leakage rate 4.8%, lifespan over 6 months) were developed, along with environment-adaptive algorithms (92.1% effective in high-altitude treatment, 100% success rate in low-temperature fog prevention). A multicenter controlled trial involving 50 institutions and 400 COPD patients verified that the domestic devices had a failure rate of 5.0% (compared to 12.0% for imported devices) and reduced maintenance costs by 62.1% (p<0.05). Ultimately, a three-tier standard system of “foundation — technology — evaluation” was constructed, proposing a weighted evaluation model with 40% for technical adaptability, 30% for cost adaptability, and 30% for maintenance adaptability. The research provides technical support and standard basis for the domestication of respiratory devices in primary healthcare institutions, contributing to the upgrade of grassroots medical equipment in “Healthy China 2030”.

Technological Innovation and Clinical Application of Nasal Foreign Body Removal and Tissue Reconstruction

Jun Liu — Thu, 23 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study, based on the “Technological Innovation in Foreign Body Removal and Tissue Reconstruction in Failed Nasal Plastic Surgery” project, addresses the challenges of removing nasal foreign bodies such as bone powder and polyacrylamide hydrogel (Omnipaque) and repairing deformed noses. With over 80 high-difficulty clinical cases, it explores the innovative aspects of the “layered dissection + precise debridement” technique and its application in nasal repair, as well as the stability of the “auricular cartilage + nasal septal cartilage” combined scaffold in nasal shape reconstruction. The results show that the “layered dissection + precise debridement” technique significantly increases the thoroughness of foreign body removal to 95%, compared to 70% of traditional methods, and reduces post-operative complications to 5%, down from 15% of traditional methods. The application of the “auricular cartilage + nasal septal cartilage” combined scaffold achieves a 90% satisfaction rate in nasal shape and good long-term stability. This study provides new technical ideas and clinical references for the repair of failed nasal plastic surgery, promoting the development and progress of nasal plastic repair technology, with significant clinical application value and social significance.