Prevalence and Clinical Management of Type 2 Diabetes Among Urban Slum Populations in Mumbai, India

Abstract

This study investigates the prevalence, clinical management, and structural barriers associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) among urban slum populations in Mumbai, India. Drawing on epidemiological estimates, field-level data, and policy analysis, it highlights the disproportionate burden of T2DM in informal settlements, where delayed diagnoses, limited access to diagnostics, and poor treatment adherence are widespread. The research examines patient care pathways across fragmented systems—public clinics, private providers, NGOs, and informal care networks—revealing significant gaps in service coordination and continuity. Socioeconomic constraints, medication affordability, nutrition insecurity, and over-reliance on informal pharmacies further hinder glycemic control. In response, the study evaluates community-based interventions, such as NGO-led foot clinics, mobile diabetes units, and ASHA worker outreach, while critiquing their limited integration into municipal policy frameworks. The paper concludes by proposing a multi-level, equity-centered diabetes care model grounded in primary care strengthening, digital health integration, and community empowerment. This model aims to reduce the chronic care divide for urban poor populations living at the margins of India’s healthcare system.