Effectiveness of CBT vs. Pharmacotherapy for Depression in Male vs. Female Chinese University Students

Abstract

Depression among university students in China has become a growing concern, with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and pharmacotherapy serving as the primary treatment modalities. However, differences in gender-based responses to these treatments highlight the need for personalized approaches to mental health care. This study examines the comparative effectiveness of CBT and pharmacotherapy among male and female Chinese university students, considering variations in symptom presentation, treatment adherence, and therapeutic outcomes. Findings indicate that male students generally respond better to structured, goal-oriented CBT interventions, while female students show greater improvement in therapies incorporating emotional regulation and interpersonal connection. Pharmacotherapy effectiveness also varies, with males experiencing higher rates of medication-induced fatigue and emotional blunting, whereas females are more affected by hormonal fluctuations and weight gain. Additionally, stigma remains a significant barrier, particularly for male students, who are less likely to seek therapy due to societal expectations regarding emotional resilience. This study emphasizes the importance of personalized mental health interventions that consider gender-based psychological and biological differences. Universities should adopt flexible treatment models, integrate digital mental health platforms, and promote blended care strategies that combine CBT, pharmacotherapy, and culturally informed approaches. Expanding mental health education, improving accessibility to therapy, and reducing stigma will be crucial in optimizing treatment outcomes for Chinese university students facing depression.