Exploring How the Filter Bubble Effect on Twitter Influences Political Polarization and the Mediating Role of Media Literacy

Abstract

The advent of social media has significantly reshaped political communication, offering unparalleled opportunities for engagement while also presenting challenges to democratic discourse. One such challenge is the emergence of filter bubbles — personalized information echo chambers created by algorithmic content curation, which have been implicated in increasing political polarization. This study investigates the influence of the filter bubble effect on Twitter on political polarization and examines the potential mediating role of media literacy. Through a mixed-methods approach, combining content analysis of Twitter interactions with survey research on media literacy among Twitter users, the study reveals a significant correlation between exposure to filter bubbles and increased political polarization. However, it also finds that individuals with higher levels of media literacy are less affected by the polarizing effects of filter bubbles. These individuals demonstrate a greater ability to critically evaluate information, seek out diverse sources, and engage in balanced political discussions. The findings underscore the importance of media literacy as a mitigating factor against the divisive impacts of filter bubbles, highlighting its potential to foster a more informed and less polarized public discourse. This study contributes to the understanding of the complex interplay between technology, media literacy, and democracy, offering insights into the challenges and opportunities for combating polarization in the digital age.